Science
News This Week:
1) Cancer
stem cells destroyed with cryoablation and nanoparticle-encapsulated anticancer
drug:
Combining
nanodrug-based chemotherapy and cryoablation provides an effective strategy to
eliminate cancer stem-like cells -- the root of cancer resistance and
metastasis, which will help to improve the safety and efficacy of treating
malignancies that are refractory to conventional therapies. Cryoablation (also
called cryosurgery or cryotherapy) is an energy-based, minimally invasive
surgical technique that has been investigated to treat a variety of diseases
including cancer, which is done by freezing the diseased tissue to subzero
temperature to induce irreversible damage.
C0mbining
nanodrug-based chemotherapy and cryoablation provides an effective strategy to
eliminate cancer stem-like cells (CSCs) -- the root of cancer resistance and
metastasis, which will help to improve the safety and efficacy of treating
malignancies that are refractory to conventional therapies.Cryoablation (also
called cryosurgery or cryotherapy) is an energy-based, minimally invasive
surgical technique that has been investigated to treat a variety of diseases
including cancer, which is done by freezing the diseased tissue to subzero
temperature to induce irreversible damage. It is particularly attractive for
fighting against breast cancer due to its excellent cosmetic outcome to
preserve the organ with unnoticeable scar formation on skin. However,
cryoablation alone has limited effectiveness on eradicating cancer stem-like
cells (CSCs), which may lead to cancer recurrence and/or metastasis post
operation. A team of researchers from the Department of Biomedical Engineering
and Comprehensive Cancer Center at The Ohio State University introduced an innovative
strategy by combining cryoablation with nanoparticle-medicated chemotherapy and
demonstrated that the combined therapy can significantly augment the
destruction of CSCs, resulting in eliminating nearly all CSCs. This technology
provides a new approach to overcome drug resistance of CSCs and improve the
safety and efficacy of cancer cryoablation."This novel combined therapy of
cryoablation and nanodrug is a significant step forward in improving the safety
and efficacy of fighting against cancer. Our study provides the first account
of minimizing cancer recurrence by destroying the cancer stem-like cells in the
field of cryoablation for cancer treatment." said Xiaoming He, Ph.D., of
The Ohio State University and senior author of this paper. "It is valuable
to facilitate the clinical applications of cryoablation by eliminating the root
of cancer resistance -- the cancer stem-like cells.""The
nanoparticles used in this study were optimized for effective drug
delivery." said Wei Rao, Ph.D., the lead author of the paper. According to
the researchers, an optimized size of the nanodrug facilitates its uptake by
cancer cells via endocytosis. A positively charged nanodrug has high
electrostatic affinity to the negatively charged cell plasma membrane, which
should further facilitate its uptake by cancer cells. Moreover, materials on
the nanoparticles have high affinity to CD44 that is one of the common protein
complexes overexpressed on cancer stem-like cells. Therefore, the use of
nanodrug can help to achieve much-enhanced bioavailability of anticancer drug
to cancer stem-like cells compared to conventional chemotherapy using free
drug. This particularly attractive feature meets the demand of targeted
delivery and therapy and could minimize the drug systemic toxicity. Its
combination with cryoablation can significantly augment cryoinjury to ensure
complete destruction of all cancer stem-like cells.Currently, research on the
combined therapy of cryoablation and nanodrug showed promising results using 3D
mammosphere model at the microscale. Future research will focus more on in vivo
studies to monitor tumor relapse after the combined treatment and further
translate this technology into the clinic. Although more research is required
to ascertain its safety and efficacy, this study provides a novel strategy of
combining cryoablation and nanodrug that demonstrates great potential to
eliminate cancer from its root -- the cancer stem-like cells.
2) Soft
robotic fish moves like the real thing: New robotic fish can change direction
almost as rapidly as a real fish:
Soft
robots don't just have soft exteriors but are also powered by fluid flowing
through flexible channels. Researchers now report the first self-contained
autonomous soft robot capable of rapid body motion: a "fish" that can
execute an escape maneuver, convulsing its body to change direction in just a
fraction of a second, or almost as quickly as a real fish can.
S0ft
robots -- which don't just have soft exteriors but are also powered by fluid
flowing through flexible channels -- have become a sufficiently popular
research topic that they now have their own journal, Soft Robotics. In the
first issue of that journal, out this month, MIT researchers report the first
self-contained autonomous soft robot capable of rapid body motion: a
"fish" that can execute an escape maneuver, convulsing its body to
change direction in just a fraction of a second, or almost as quickly as a real
fish can.
"We're
excited about soft robots for a variety of reasons," says Daniela Rus, a
professor of computer science and engineering, director of MIT's Computer
Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, and one of the researchers who
designed and built the fish. "As robots penetrate the physical world and
start interacting with people more and more, it's much easier to make robots
safe if their bodies are so wonderfully soft that there's no danger if they
whack you."
Another
reason to study soft robots, Rus says, is that "with soft machines, the
whole robotic planning problem changes." In most robotic motion-planning
systems, avoiding collisions with the environment is the highest priority. That
frequently leads to inefficient motion, because the robot has to settle for
collision-free trajectories that it can find quickly.With soft robots, collision
poses little danger to either the robot or the environment. "In some
cases, it is actually advantageous for these robots to bump into the
environment, because they can use these points of contact as means of getting
to the destination faster," Rus says.But the new robotic fish was designed
to explore yet a third advantage of soft robots: "The fact that the body
deforms continuously gives these machines an infinite range of configurations,
and this is not achievable with machines that are hinged," Rus says. The
continuous curvature of the fish's body when it flexes is what allows it to
change direction so quickly. "A rigid-body robot could not do continuous
bending," she says.
Escape
velocity
The
robotic fish was built by Andrew Marchese, a graduate student in MIT's
Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science and lead author on
the new paper, where he's joined by Rus and postdoc Cagdas D. Onal. Each side
of the fish's tail is bored through with a long, tightly undulating channel.
Carbon dioxide released from a canister in the fish's abdomen causes the
channel to inflate, bending the tail in the opposite direction.Each half of the
fish tail has just two control parameters: the diameter of the nozzle that
releases gas into the channel and the amount of time it's left open. In
experiments, Marchese found that the angle at which the fish changes direction
-- which can be as extreme as 100 degrees -- is almost entirely determined by
the duration of inflation, while its speed is almost entirely determined by the
nozzle diameter. That "decoupling" of the two parameters, he says, is
something that biologists had observed in real fish."To be honest, that's
not something I designed for," Marchese says. "I designed for it to
look like a fish, but we got the same inherent parameter decoupling that real
fish have."That points to yet another possible application of soft
robotics, Rus says, in biomechanics. "If you build an artificial creature
with a particular bio-inspired behavior, perhaps the solution for the
engineered behavior could serve as a hypothesis for understanding whether
nature might do it in the same way," she says.Marchese built the fish in
Rus' lab, where other researchers are working on printable robotics. He used
the lab's 3-D printer to build the mold in which he cast the fish's tail and
head from silicone rubber and the polymer ring that protects the electronics in
the fish's guts.
The long
haul
The fish
can perform 20 or 30 escape maneuvers, depending on their velocity and angle,
before it exhausts its carbon dioxide canister. But the comparatively simple
maneuver of swimming back and forth across a tank drains the canister quickly.
"The fish was designed to explore performance capabilities, not long-term
operation," Marchese says. "Next steps for future research are taking
that system and building something that's compromised on performance a little
bit but increases longevity."
A new
version of the fish that should be able to swim continuously for around 30
minutes will use pumped water instead of carbon dioxide to inflate the
channels, but otherwise, it will use the same body design, Marchese says. Rus
envisions that such a robot could infiltrate schools of real fish to gather
detailed information about their behavior in the natural habitat."All of
our algorithms and control theory are pretty much designed with the idea that
we've got rigid systems with defined joints," says Barry Trimmer, a
biology professor at Tufts University who specializes in biomimetic soft
robots. "That works really, really well as long as the world is pretty
predictable. If you're in a world that is not -- which, to be honest, is
everywhere outside a factory situation -- then you start to lose some of your
advantage."
The
premise of soft robotics, Trimmer says, is that "if we learn how to
incorporate all these other sorts of materials whose response you can't predict
exactly, if we can learn to engineer that to deal with the uncertainty and
still be able to control the machines, then we're going to have much better
machines."
3) What
happened when? How the brain stores memories by time:
New
research shows that a part of the brain called the hippocampus stores memories
by their "temporal context" -- what happened before, and what came
after -- and not by content. From brain scans of the hippocampus as the
volunteers were answering questions in this study, researchers could identify
patterns of activity specific to each image. But when they showed the
volunteers the same images in a different sequence, they got different patterns
of activity. In other words, the coding of the memory in the hippocampus was
dependent on its context, not just on content.
Before I
left the house this morning, I let the cat out and started the dishwasher. Or
was that yesterday? Very often, our memories must distinguish not just what
happened and where, but when an event occurred -- and what came before and
after. New research from the University of California, Davis, Center for
Neuroscience shows that a part of the brain called the hippocampus stores
memories by their "temporal context" -- what happened before, and
what came after."We need to remember not just what happened, but
when," said graduate student Liang-Tien (Frank) Hsieh, first author on the
paper published March 5 in the journal Neuron.The hippocampus is thought to be
involved in forming memories. But it's not clear whether the hippocampus stores
representations of specific objects, or if it represents them in context.Hsieh
and Charan Ranganath, professor in the Department of Psychology and the Center
for Neuroscience, looked for hippocampus activity linked to particular
memories. First, they showed volunteers a series of pictures of animals and
objects. Then they scanned the volunteers' brains as they showed them the same
series again, with questions such as, "is this alive?" or "does
this generate heat?"The questions prompted the volunteers to search their
memories for information. When the images were shown in the same sequence as
before, the volunteers could anticipate the next image, making for a faster
response.From brain scans of the hippocampus as the volunteers were answering
questions, Hsieh and Ranganath could identify patterns of activity specific to
each image. But when they showed the volunteers the same images in a different
sequence, they got different patterns of activity.In other words, the coding of
the memory in the hippocampus was dependent on its context, not just on
content."It turns out that when you take the image out of sequence, the
pattern disappears," Ranganath said. "For the hippocampus, context is
critical, not content, and it's fairly unique in how it pulls things
together."Other parts of the brain store memories of objects that are
independent of their context, Ranganath noted."For patients with memory
problems this is a big deal," Ranganath said. "It's not just
something that's useful in understanding healthy memory, but allows us to
understand and intervene in memory problems.
4) Fossil
whale skull hints at echolocation’s origins:
Underwater
sonar may have developed 34 million years ago. The skull of a newly identified
species of extinct toothed whale may help scientists piece together when
echolocation evolved underwater.
Recovered
from a drainage ditch in South Carolina, the 28-million-year-old fossil has a
deep pit in the top of its head that divides the right and left sides of the
skull. “It’s a highly unusual feature,” says Jonathan Geisler, an anatomist at
the New York Institute of Technology in Old Westbury, adding that no other
known whale, dolphin or porpoise has such a pit. “It’s really bizarre.”
5) Pelican
spiders: slow, safe assassins:
Spiders,
thank goodness, haven’t evolved assassin drones. But the specialized hunters of
the family Archaeidae can kill at a distance.It’s a distance of only a few
millimeters. But that’s substantial for these teensy dramas, and enough space
to let a group called pelican spiders bring down their wary and dangerous prey:
other spiders.The pelican name comes from their profiles. “They look like
little birds,” says Hannah Wood of the University of California, Davis. The
spider’s body is about the size of a grain of rice, with a front segment that
has evolved into a stretched “neck” with a little round “head” on top. (The
mouth is actually at the bottom of the “neck”). And a pair of jawlike fanged
projections called chelicerae folds down against the neck, where a pelican
would tuck its beak.
Pelican
spiders don’t build webs. Instead they creep through foliage, tiptoeing upside
down under leaves to hunt. A female will carry her eggs with her, in a silk bag
she attaches to one leg in the third of her four pairs. The spiders’ back six
legs do the walking while the front two sweep circles in the air feeling for
prey. A pelican spider that picks up the silk trail of another spider will
spend hours at the edge of that spider’s web, plucking now and then and
waiting. Unlike the quick spiders you might see skittering up a garden shed
wall, Wood says, stalking pelicans are “slow and deliberate.”
But when
they strike, it’s fast. The jawlike chelicerae rise 90 degrees and then slam
fanged tips into the prey. “Then they pull out one chelicera and leave the
other one hanging out there with the spider prey impaled on it,” Wood says.Next
it’s just a matter of waiting for the venom to work. Thanks to the pelican
spider’s long neck and chelicerae, its prey struggles at a harmless
distance.Attacking at jaw’s length is an ancient trick. Biologists first
discovered extinct pelican spiders in fossils before realizing the family still
lives (in Madagascar, South Africa and Australia). Today’s species split off on
their own trajectory as the supercontinent Pangaea was breaking up some 180
million years ago, Wood and her colleagues reported last year in Systematic
Biology.Now Wood studies a related family, the trap-jaw spiders
(Mecysmaucheniidae), that has evolved the opposite approach to hunting. The
spiders have shorter, thicker “necks,” and their superpower is speed. They
strike so fast that it’s difficult to see more than a blur even in video
recorded at 30,000 frames per second.Ninjalike as pelican spiders are, they’re
not the stuff of nightmares. “I’ve never had one try to bite me,” Wood says.
When she reaches to catch them, they just drop to the ground. “They’re very
shy.”
6) Good
vibes for catalytic chemistry:
University
of Utah chemists discovered how vibrations in chemical bonds can be used to
predict chemical reactions and thus design better catalysts to speed reactions
that make medicines, industrial products and new materials. "The
vibrations alone are not adequate, but combined with other classical techniques
in physical organic chemistry, we are able to predict how reactions can
occur," says chemistry professor Matt Sigman, senior author of the study
in the Thursday, March 13, issue of the journal Nature.
"This
should be applicable in a broad range of reactions. It streamlines the process
of designing molecules for uses in new drugs, industrial chemicals and new
materials."
Catalysts
are chemicals that speed reactions between other chemicals without changing the
catalyst itself.Postdoctoral researcher Anat Milo, the study's first author,
says use of the new method "can assist the design of reactions with fewer
byproducts and much less waste, and the reactions would be more efficient. We
are able to directly form the product we want."She and Sigman conducted
the study with Elizabeth Bess, a University of Utah Ph.D. student in chemistry.
The research was funded by the National Science Foundation.
Shining
Infrared Light on Bond Vibrations
Chemical
bonds tie atoms together within molecules. But the bonds are not static. They
vibrate. Those vibrations reflect changes in distance between atoms in the
molecule. For example, in water (H2O) the sole oxygen atom is bound to two
hydrogen atoms, and the two bonds constantly change in length."You can
think of it like a spring," Sigman says. "You put two different
weights on the end of a spring, and the spring vibrates once you put energy
into it" by pushing or pulling. In chemical reactions, the energy is added
with heat, light or electricity.We cannot see these vibrations with our eyes,
but this bending and stretching of chemical bonds can be seen if infrared light
is bounced off the molecules -- a method called infrared spectroscopy."This
method is an extension of our eyes: wavelengths our eyes cannot detect, we use
an instrument to detect," Milo says.An infrared laser is aimed at a sample
of a chemical -- gas, liquid or solid -- and certain wavelengths are absorbed.
The wavelengths of the absorbed light reveal how the target molecule's chemical
bonds vibrate, which in turn tells about the types and positions of atoms in
the molecule, the kinds and strength of bonds among atoms and the symmetry of
the molecule, Milo says."It's an important structure identification
technique to identify the kinds of bonds in a molecule," Sigman says.
Infrared
spectroscopy is a well-established method with decades of predictable results.
So it now can be simulated in computers and produce results that reflect real
experiments. Sigman, Milo and Bess performed such simulations in their study
using the university's Center for High Performance Computing."We took
several molecules with known bond vibrations, and we used the relationship of
these molecules to each other to build a model mathematically of the relative
relationship between the bond vibrations in different molecules," Sigman
says. "We then built a mathematical relationship between these molecules
that provides us with the ability to predict how other molecules will react
based on their particular vibrations."To show the method worked, the
researchers performed three case studies, each a scenario with a different
class of chemicals reacting with each other. They used computer simulations to predict
the outcome of the reactions, and then experimentally verified them with real
chemical reactions in the laboratory.One case study involved how chemicals
known as bisphenols reacted with acetic anhydride. A small protein known as a
peptide served as a catalyst to speed the reactions.The chemists simulated bond
vibrations on different bisphenols to predict whether, when reacted with acetic
anhydride and the catalyst, the resulting molecule would be
"left-handed" or "right-handed" -- a chemical property
called chirality.Chirality is important because when we consume a food or
medicine, it must have the correct "handedness" or chirality "to
essentially handshake with the molecules in your body" and do what it is
supposed to do, Milo says. For example, a right-handed drug molecule may work,
while the left-handed version of the same medicine may not."We managed to
predict the handedness of the molecules accurately" 95 percent of the time
by analyzing bond vibrations, Milo adds.The second case study was similar to
the first, but involved predicting the "handedness" of chemicals made
when a catalyst was used to convert a double carbon-carbon bond to a single
carbon-carbon bond in a chemical named diarylalkene.In the third case study,
the chemists used the method to predict whether a catalyst reacts with one side
or the other side of a double carbon-carbon bond -- two carbon atoms connected
by two bonds instead of one -- in what is called a Heck reaction, which is
commonly used to make pharmaceuticals."It works like a champ," Sigman
says.
Real-World
Reactions
How can
the new method be used for practical purposes?"You would compute infrared
vibrations for a specific class of molecules that you are interested in
reacting," Sigman says. "You then take a handful of those molecules
and you run the reaction and get the results.""Then you take the
infrared vibrations you think are important and determine the relationship
between those vibrations and the reaction results," he adds. "The
resulting mathematical equation allows you to make new predictions about how
other chemicals in the class will react."Sigman is collaborating with a
major pharmaceutical company to use the new technique to improve chemical
reactions for drug manufacturing."Let's say you want to synthesize a
molecule," he says. "You have various methods to try, but you don't
know which one will work. Our approach allows you to predict if the particular
set of reagents -- chemicals reacting with each other -- will give the desired
results."Milo added that the new technique "is able to provide
predictions that are not possible with classical chemistry methods."For
example, it allows chemists to simultaneously examine "steric" and
electronic effects in reactions -- something Sigman says now must be done
separately. Steric effects are how the size and shape of atoms in a molecule
affect how a chemical reaction works. Electronic effects involve how electrons
in the atoms are shared within the molecule.
Movie
Release This Week:
DreamWorks
Pictures’ “Need for Speed” marks an exciting return to the great car culture
films of the 1960's and 70's, when the authenticity of the world brought a new
level of intensity to the action on-screen. Tapping into what makes the
American myth of the open road so appealing, the story chronicles a
near-impossible cross-country journey for our heroes -- one which begins as a
mission for revenge, but proves to be one of redemption. Based on the most
successful racing video game franchise ever with over 140 million copies sold,
"Need for Speed" captures the freedom and excitement of the game in a
real-world setting, while bringing to life the passion for the road that has
made our love of cars so timeless.
The film
centers around Tobey Marshall (Aaron Paul), a blue-collar mechanic who races
muscle-cars on the side in an unsanctioned street-racing circuit. Struggling to
keep his family-owned garage afloat, he reluctantly partners with the wealthy
and arrogant ex-NASCAR driver Dino Brewster (Dominic Cooper). But just as a
major sale to car broker Julia Bonet (Imogen Poots) looks like it will save
Tobey's shop, a disastrous race allows Dino to frame Tobey for a crime he
didn’t commit, sending Tobey to prison while Dino expands his business out
west.
Two years
later, Tobey is released and set on revenge -- but he knows his only chance to
take down his rival Dino is to defeat him in the high-stakes race known as De
Leon—the Super Bowl of underground racing. However to get there in time, Tobey
will have to run a high-octane, action-packed gauntlet that includes dodging
pursuing cops coast-to-coast as well as contending with a dangerous bounty Dino
has put out on his car. With the help of his loyal crew and the surprisingly
resourceful Julia, Tobey defies odds at every turn and proves that even in the
flashy world of exotic supercars, the underdog can still finish first.
Based on
the most successful racing video game franchise ever with over 140 million
copies sold, “Need for Speed” captures the thrills of the game in a real-world
setting. “Need for Speed” is presented by DreamWorks Pictures, produced by John
Gatins, Pat O’Brien and Mark Sourian and directed by Scott Waugh. The screen
story is by John Gatins and George Gatins and the screenplay is by George Gatins
and John Gatins, based on the video game series created by Electronic Arts. The
film releases in U.S. theaters on March 14, 2014
A young
woman studying the habits of webcam chat users from the apparent safety of her
apartment witnesses a brutal murder online and is quickly immersed in a
nightmare in which she and her loved ones are targeted for the same grisly fate
as the first victim.
A group
of single moms are brought together in the aftermath of an incident at their
children's school.
Two kids
and their Alaskan Malamute must survive in the wilderness after a plane crash.
A
thrilling and horrifying road trip, full of twists and brutal surprises; a
suspenseful thriller about a young man and a chilling old house that has
survived decades, awaiting the return of its prodigal son… a house that can
escalate Nick’s gift to see death before it happens, but holds within its walls
the origins of a dark family legacy so horrible it may have already reached out
to Nick’s unborn child.
Me and My
Shadow tells the story of Shadow Stan, an extremely frustrated shadow who
yearns for a dynamic life but happens to be stuck with Stanley Grubb, the
world's most boring human. Finally pushed to the brink, Shadow Stan breaks the
singular rule of the Shadow World – "They lead, we follow" – and
takes control of Stanley!
Political
News This Week:
1) China
to Malaysia: Tell the truth about missing plane:
Annoyed
over conflicting reports about the missing plane, China on Wednesday night
asked Malaysia to verify rumours and share all information about the flight
MH370 after official admission that it may have turned back and disappeared
over the Straits of Malacca.
"We
have send requests to the Malaysian side through diplomatic channels, asking
them to check up on rumours right away and inform China of all information
available," foreign ministry spokesman Qin Gang said in a statement.
Qin's
remark came after a Malaysian military official said the missing flight may
have changed route and turned back from its scheduled course before
disappearing last Saturday. Anxieties mounted in China as 154 of the 227
passengers are Chinese and their relatives are annoyed over the confusion and
lack of progress even five days after the incident.
Malaysia
air force chief Rodzali Daud had said a "blip" detected on the
military radar may have been the missing flight MH370 in an area northwest of
Penang in the Straits of Malacca, amid uncertainty over where to look for the
plane that disappeared with 239 people on board.
Based on
this possibility, multinational search operation was expanded to the Strait of
Malacca and South China Sea with more countries joining in the mission.
Forty-two ships and 39 aircraft have been deployed so far in the hunt for the
missing plane that vanished on its way from Kuala Lumpur to Beijing. It is
still not known what prompted this confusion and why Malaysian officials has to
suppress this information. If it is true it also throws up a whole lot of
questions including why the plane took a U turn and flew over Malacca straights
without informing the ground controls.
Malaysian
officials said so far there is nothing to point out to any act of terrorism and
cleared two Iranians who travelled by stolen Italian and Austrian passports.
India, Japan and Brunei were the latest to join in a massive search
mission.When asked by state-run Xinhua news agency about reports that dead
bodies were found near Penang, Qin said he could not verify this. Meanwhile,
Chinese Premier Li Keqiang visited the emergency response and command centre
here to learn the latest about the search operation. The Chinese team is now
expanding their search area to northwest of the Gulf of Thailand, covering some
17 thousand square km in total.China has also employed 10 satellites to provide
technological support to locate the missing jet. Also China today termed
reports of its planes searching Malaysian territory for clues as
"inaccurate" as the search operations extended to waters around
Andaman islands."Relevant reports of Chinese search in Malaysia is
inaccurate. As far as I know, Chinese aircraft are searching possible waters.
So I would like to make a clarification here," Qin told a media briefing
earlier.He was reacting to comments by chairman of China's civil aviation
administration Li Jiaxiang that search would be extended to land areas.
2) China
locates suspected crash site of missing plane:
China on
Thursday said it would not give up its efforts in searching for the missing
Malaysia Airlines plane after its satellites spotted three floating pieces of
possible debris in the South China Sea between Malaysia and Vietnam.“China will
not give up its efforts in searching for the missing aircraft with 154 Chinese
passengers aboard as long as there is a glimmer of hope," Chinese Premier
Li Keqiang told the media."We will not give up any suspected clue that is
being found," he said."We are also looking very closely at all
suspected clues showing on satellite images," he said.
His
comments came after a Chinese satellite found three floating objects at a
suspected crash site of the missing Malaysian Airlines plane.He said that the
Chinese government has asked all relevant parties in the ongoing massive
international search to enhance coordination to investigate the cause and to
locate the missing jetliner as soon as possible.China's State Administration of
Science, Technology and Industry for National Defence said that the objects
were monitored in the South China Sea at 6.7 degrees north latitude and 105.63
degrees east longitude, spreading across an area with a radius of 20 km.The
satellite images, which were captured around 11 am on Sunday, showed the
objects measuring 13 by 18 meters, 14 by 19 meters and 24 by 22 meters
respectively.
The
images are being analysed, according to the SASTIND.The plane has been missing
for over five days since contact with it was lost early on Saturday. It was
flying over the Ho Chi Minh air traffic control area in Vietnam and carrying
227 passengers, including 154 Chinese.The international search for the missing
plane, which has so far involved at least 40 ships and nearly 40 aircraft from
12 countries, entered its sixth day today, but the whereabouts of the Boeing
777-200 remain unknown.China has employed 10 satellites to provide
technological support in attempts to locate the aircraft, which was expected to
land in Beijing at 6,30 am local time on Saturday.China's state-run Xinhua news
agency quoted Malaysia's Transport Minister Hishammuddin Hussein as saying that
Malaysia has dispatched an aircraft to the site, where Chinese satellites
photographed the three "suspected floating objects" in search for the
missing jet.
3) AAP ki
kasam! When Mumbai totally fell for Kejriwal:
Mumbaikars
waved boisterously, some jumped out of vehicles to have a closer look at their
‘aam aadmi’ hero. They WhatsApped images of him, requested for selfies.
Arvind
Kejriwal swept Mumbai off its feet on Wednesday, and how! Rediff.com's
Vaihayasi Pande Daniel recalls the Kejriwal wave she witnessed. Pravin Jain got
off his scooter with a smile on his face.He quickly parked it in front of a
small eatery in a galli near Novelty Cinema, close to Lamington Road in South
Mumbai. He then made his way to the centre of the street, diving right into the
middle of the thick crowd and approaching the slow-moving jeep to wave and say
'hello' to Aam Aadmi Party leader Arvind Kejriwal.
“Veer
aadmi hain (he’s a brave man),” Jain says with vigorous admiration and then
returned to his scooter and went on his way.
That tiny
moment Jain took out of his probably busy day, to tip his hat to this new,
unlikely Indian hero, mirrored similar reactions, everywhere, on Wednesday in
Mumbai.
Kejriwal’s
caravan colourfully kicked off its first public rally in Mumbai, not
surprisingly, at the historic August Kranti Maidan, south Mumbai, brandishing
jhadoos (brooms), from an open jeep. Ahead of them moved a tempo where AAP
partywallahs cheerfully belted out slogans and songs to the accompaniment of
guitars and danced, banging desi tambourines.
With
Kejriwal, in the election jeep, was Aam Aadmi Party candidate for Mumbai South
and former banker Meera Sanyal, looking regal, not a hair out of place, but
somewhat disconnected, in a splendid silk sari, and Medha Patkar, social
activist-turned-AAP candidate from Mumbai North East, by contrast in a plain
sari, rallying the crowds with her special common touch.
4)Sheela
Says: Will Jaya realise her national dream?:
In Tamil
Nadu politics J Jayalalithaa is the queen of all she surveys today. Some
factors may still dent her high ambition.In Tamil Nadu, all the political
parties are fighting two elections. One is the Lok Sabha election of 2014 and
the other one, in their mind, is the 2016 assembly election.
The state
has 39 Lok Sabha seats plus one seat in the Union territory of
Pondicherry.Chief Minister J Jayalalithaa is walking into the battlefield with
maximum confidence. She is well poised because there are no corruption scandals
dogging her this time round.
Her
nearest rival, the Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam, is a house divided and its leader
M Karunanidhi is nearing the sunset of his political career.Her populist
schemes like low-cost Amma idlis, cooked rice and bottled water have touched a
chord among voters and in spite of her age her demeanour is intact -- a firm,
queen-like poise, always.
She is
aiming for all the 39 + 1 seats, and even her detractors say she will get
nothing less than 15 to 20 seats.This time, Tamil Nadu politics is about
Jayalalithaa versus all other parties.Jayalalithaa started her campaign early
and declared all her candidates well on time. The divide in Karunanidhi's family
gives her an edge that will work as a bonus. She has taken a tough stand on Sri
Lanka-related issues and that helps her garner the anti-Congress and
anti-United Progressive Alliance votes.
Jayalalithaa
being Jayalalithaa, it is difficult to catch her on the wrong foot.She
ruthlessly dumped the alliance with the Left parties when they could not agree
on a seat-sharing arrangement.One of the interesting questions from this
election will be -- will Mamata Banerjee's Trinamool Congrees get more seats
than Jayalalithaa?
The race
between two ladies and even Mayawati is to bag the title of 'third biggest
party' after the Bharatiya Janata Party and the Congress. Mamata and
Jayalalithaa have recently talked coyly about each other and raised hopes of a
post-election federal front.On the planks of 'controversy-free' rule, more than
dozen welfare schemes, and the anti-Sri Lanka issue, Jayalalithaa is set to win
an impressive number of seats and play an important role in New Delhi.The only
minus point for her is that there is a multi-pronged contest in Tamil
Nadu.Ranged against her party are the DMK, the Congress, the Left parties and
the newly-formed front that includes Vaiko's Marumalarchi Dravida Munnetra
Kazhagam, Dr Ramadoss's Paattali Makkal Katchi and actor Vijaykanth's Desiya
Murpokku Dravida Kazhagam and the BJP In each Lok Sabha contest, the AIADMK
will face a minimum of three prominent candidates.Neither the DMK nor the
AIADMK has declared a prime ministerial candidate, nor have they declared
support to any outsider. The Lok Sabha election will still be local in
character here.
The DMK
Here is
the tragic picture of a family feud. Karunanidhi is 90 and still worrying about
his beloved party's diminishing fortunes. Although son M K Stalin is his
preferred choice as successor, it is quite like a Mughal family saga where
family clashes bring down everything including the throne.
Karunanidhi
is worried about daughter Kanimozhi's future too.
Stalin
has received two decades of training under his father, but it is elder son M K
Alagiri who is the politician with raw wisdom and a desi touch. He has been
abandoned by the family, but he is likely to play a role in the assembly
election.
Stalin
will meet his match in his brother then.
The
Congress and DMK could not finalise a deal for the Lok Sabha election mainly
because Stalin's eyes are set on the assembly election and the party wants to
keep its options open to join the incoming government in New Delhi.Rediff.comIt
will help the party get external help to take on Jayalalithaa. According to
early reports, 2G scam-tainted DMK leader A Raja is likely to retain his Lok
Sabha seat, the Nilgiris. That is Tamil Nadu!
The Modi
factor
It is a
novelty of this election that Tamil Nadu politics, which works differently from
national politics, is witnessing some visible support for Narendra Modi. He is
supported by non-Tamil migrant students and also by a young section of the
Tamil middle class.
It is the
Congress, and not the BJP, that is untouchable in Tamil Nadu. See how the
perception of the saffron party changes dramatically in a staunch
Tamil-speaking society.Rediff.comThe downfall of the Congress has contributed
to the BJP getting some space in this region. The BJP's alliance is likely to
win seats here.
All the
parties are focusing their energy to hit the Congress hardest. In doing so,
issues related to Sri Lanka, like the fishermen's issue, human rights
violations, rehabilitation of Sri Lankan Tamils and, above all, the commuting
of death sentences of Rajiv Gandhi's killers will be played up.
Somewhere,
Jayalalitha's hope is to get lucky and be in the race for prime minister. That
will only be possible if the BJP and Congress are restricted to 250 Lok Sabha
seats.
The
importance of Tamil Nadu in government formation in New Delhi lies in
Jayalalithaa's final seat tally.
5) Don't
bother about rules in anti-Naxal op: CRPF DG to men:
The
Central Reserve Police Force top boss on Thursday said he has asked his troops
deployed in anti-Naxal operations to even go to the extent of
"violating" the Standard Operating Procedures if such a diversion in
rules is required for operational efficiency and safety of the men.
Dismissing
suggestions that there was a contravention of set SOPs by his personnel during
the March 11 Naxal ambush in Chhattiagarh's Sukma which killed 11 CRPF men and
four others, CRPF Director General Dilip Trivedi told PTI that the incident
will not deter the paramilitary, and the paramilitary force will be more
"steadfast" in deploying their operational tactics in beating the
Naxals.
"The
top brass of the force cannot take away the initiative of the field commander.
The commander on ground has to deploy his hunch and instinct while he is out in
an operational area. I have told them that you can even violate the SOPs,
provided that is in the interest of the operations and safety of troops,"
Trivedi said, a day after he returned to the national capital after touring the
ambush area in south Bastar's Tongpal for an on-spot assessment.
He said
the SOPs, in an operational area, are meant to be flexible keeping in mind the
emerging and immediate threat and dynamic activity on the ground.The CRPF chief
said the force headquarters has issued some fresh directives to commanders
while operating in the Naxal affected areas."I will not go into the
details of our operational tactics but yes we have told our men and officers
that we should break the monotonous drills while rendering routine duties like
that of road opening and frequently visiting an area."We have told them to
keep flexibility in their operations so that their movement remains unknown
till the last moment," the DG said.Terming the latest ambush a "planned
attack" by close to 200 Naxals, Trivedi said the Naxals used an assortment
of looted police weapons like LMGs and SLRs to inflict
causalities
on the 45-personnel strong joint forces squad which was out early morning on
Tuesday in one the most notorious Maoist violence affected areas of the state,
which is in the 'Jeeram Ghati' area. This is the same place where the ultras
had killed the top leadership of state Congress last year in May. The DG,
talking about the ambush, said a strong squad of about 30 women Maoists was
instrumental in looting close to 20 weapons like AK series rifles, SLRs and
under barrel grenade launchers held by the troopers who were killed in the
deadly trap.Trivedi said there were not much options in taking a safe route for
security forces like CRPF, who are deployed for securing the road work projects
in the Naxal affected state.
"The
roads are sign of development and normalcy in the Maoist affected areas and the
Naxals are against this. But we will give full security to road construction
workers despite we being at an disadvantage at certain places," the CRPF
chief said.Right after the March 11 ambush, the DG who flew to a company base
in Jagdalpur said, I talked to my men and told them that Naxals are a
"monster" and we have to take them on. He said the CRPF and
Chhattisgarh police squad that was trapped in the incident "fought
valiantly and retaliated the Naxal squad after heavy firing was launched at
them" from two sides of the 3-feet 'medh' (earthen wall) of the nearby
fields.
"The
squad stood their ground and retaliated for the entire one-hour time that the
encounter happened. Our boys displayed intelligence in not stepping on pressure
bombs which the Maoists had planted along the flanks of the road with a thought
that shaken with their firing the security personnel will try to fall apart and
abandon the road to take the dirt tracks," he said.
Trivedi,
who is the top police official entrusted with the movement of forces during
polls, said the security force will "give their best" in ensuring
peaceful elections in Naxal violence hit areas.He said the forces, in few
states, will be mobilised from Friday and enough measures have been put in
place to orient them for the task at hand.Meanwhile, a senior official involved
in anti-Naxal operations in the state, said there were intelligence inputs of
Naxal movement in not only Sukma district but the entire southern part of the
central Indian state and this was acted upon by both the state police and
paramilitary forces.
6) Modi
will contest Lok Sabha polls from one seat in Gujarat: BJP:
The
Gujarat Bharatiya Janata Party on Thursday announced that Chief Minister
Narendra Modi will contest elections from one seat in the state, without ruling
out the possibility that he may fight on a second seat from Uttar
Pradesh."I can definitely say that Modiji will fight elections from one
seat in Gujarat," state BJP general secretary Vijay Rupani told reporters.
"There
has been a clamour to invite Narendra Modi to fight elections from four main cities
of the state -- Ahmedabad, Rajkot, Vadodara and Surat. Our party workers want
him to contest from Gujarat," Rupani said."Our (state BJP)
parliamentary board had met over the last four days and decided that Modi would
contest from one seat in Gujarat," he said, adding that the decision on
which seat he will contest from is yet to be taken.
When
asked if Modi will also contest from Varanasi in Uttar Pradesh, the BJP leader
said, "I do not know anything about that seat, but it will be decided by
our central parliamentary board."There has been lot of confusion about
which seat Modi will enter the poll fray from.The BJP's prime ministerial
candidate is at present in Delhi to attend the meetings of the central
parliamentary board and the central election committee.However, state party
leaders said that candidates for Gujarat seats will not be discussed in those
meetings.To a question on whether party veteran L K Advani will be contesting
from Gandhinagar, from where he has been elected five times, Rupani said,
"The central parliamentary board will decide about that.""We
have not finalised the panel of names for the Lok Sabha seats in the first
round of meeting of the parliamentary board. We will meet again after Holi to
do that," he said.
BJP
Gujarat unit's parliamentary board had met on Sunday, Tuesday and Wednesday at
the residence of Modi, in his presence."Our (state) parliamentary board is
likely to meet again to finalise the names of panels of candidates for the 26
Lok Sabha seats," state BJP spokesperson Harsad Patel said.
Sports News
This Week:
1) Sri
Lanka's fifth triumph, and Fawad's special feat:
Sri
Lanka's five-wicket win against Pakistan gave them their fifth Asia Cup title,
equaling India's five title wins. The last time Sri Lanka won the title was in
2008. Sri Lanka have now won 34 matches in the Asia Cup - the highest by a team
in the tournament.
Sri Lanka
have won nine ODIs on the trot, starting with their win against Pakistan in Abu
Dhabi last year. This is just one short of their longest streak of wins which
lasted for ten ODIs between February 2004 and July 2004.
Lahiru
Thirimanne's 101 in this match was his third ODI century and his second against
Pakistan in this Asia Cup. In the league match between the two teams earlier in
the tournament, Thirmanne had scored 102. He finished as the batsman with most
runs in the tournament, making 279 runs at 55.80 from five innings and won his
first Man-of-the-Series award.
Mahela
Jayawardene chose an opportune time to come to form, with his first fifty-plus
score in 14 innings. Since his century against India in Kingston last year, in
13 innings, Jayawardene had scored 218 at 16.76. He averages 38.03 in finals,
which is higher than his career average of 33.17.
Jayawardene's
75 was his 11th fifty-plus score in the finals of an ODI series. With this, he
joined Kumar Sangakkara at No. 3 in the list of batsmen with most fifty-plus
scores in finals of any ODI tournament. Sachin Tendulkar leads this list with
16 such scores followed by another Sri Lankan, Sanath Jayasuriya, who has 15
fifty-plus scores.
Sri
Lanka's third wicket added 156 runs after Saeed Ajmal's twin strikes pegged
them back, which is the second-highest partnership for the third wicket by any
pair in the final of a tournament and only the second to cross 150 runs.
Mohammad Azharuddin and Navjot Sidhu added an unbeaten 175 against Sri Lanka in
the 1994-95 Asia Cup final, which is the highest partnership in the tournament
for the third wicket.
Jayawardene's
four off a free-hit from Mohammad Talha in the 36th over was his 1000th in
ODIs. He joins nine other batsmen who have hit 1000 or more fours in ODIs.
Jayasuriya (1500 fours) and Sangakkara (1202 fours) are the other Sri Lanka
batsmen in this list.
Lasith
Malinga took all the five Pakistan wickets that fell in this match. This was
his seventh five-wicket haul and his second five-for against Pakistan in two
consecutive matches against them. This is the first time that a bowler has
taken two five-fors against a team in a tournament involving five or more
teams. Mallinga's ten wickets against Pakistan are the most by a bowler against
a team in such tournaments. In ODIs when Sri Lanka have taken four or more
wickets against the opposition, this is the first time that one bowler has
taken all the wickets.
2) German
court sentences Bayern boss Hoeness to jail for tax evasion:
A German
court convicted Bayern Munich president Uli Hoeness of tax evasion on Thursday
and sentenced the man who turned the soccer club into one of the world's most
successful sports dynasties to 3-1/2 years in jail.
Judge
Rupert Heindl ruled that Hoeness's voluntary disclosure that he had failed to
pay taxes had been incomplete and thus did not meet a vital requirement needed
for amnesty under laws designed to encourage tax evaders to come clean.
Hoeness
has admitted evading 27.2 million euros in taxes on income earned in secret
Swiss bank accounts, but the soccer club executive was hoping for leniency in
one of the most closely watched tax evasion cases in German history.
"The
voluntary disclosure is not valid with the documents that were presented
alone," said the judge. He said the confession was riddled with mistakes
and that Hoeness had failed to submit other documents requested by tax
inspectors on time.
The
62-year-old Hoeness, who also owns a Bavarian sausage factory, bowed his head
and stared at the floor when the verdict was delivered, his face turning red as
he struggled to retain his composure. He left the court in silence, avoiding
reporters.
The case
hinged on the question of whether Hoeness, who as a player helped West Germany
win the 1974 World Cup, cooperated fully with his voluntary disclosure. His
case shocked the nation and prompted thousands of tax dodgers to turn
themselves in.
Hoeness's
defence lawyers immediately announced they would appeal to the Federal Court of
Justice.
"The
high court will decide if his voluntary disclosure was valid, or partially
valid or botched," said lawyer Hanns Feigen. "That's the interesting
point. The key point is the way a taxpayer is being treated - as if he hadn't
turned himself in."
The maximum
sentence for tax evasion is 10 years and the prosecutors, citing Hoeness's
cooperation, had sought a 5-1/2 year sentence.
Hoeness
was first charged with evading 3.5 million euros in taxes. But when the trial
began on Monday he stunned the court by admitting he had actually evaded five
times that amount - or 18.5 million euros.
That
figure was raised further to 27.2 million euros on the second day of the trial
based on testimony by a tax inspector. Hoeness's defence team acknowledged the
higher figure.
3)
Federer, Djokovic advance as Murray, Wawrinka fall:
Roger
Federer and Novak Djokovic cruised into the quarter-finals of the BNP Paribas
Open at Indian Wells on Wednesday after Wimbledon champion Andy Murray and
Australian Open winner Stanislas Wawrinka both fell in the fourth round.
In a
tournament full of surprises, Federer and Djokovic struck a blow for the old
world order with Federer beating Germany's Tommy Haas 6-4 6-4 and Djokovic
coming back to down Croatia's Marin Cilic 1-6 6-2 6-3.
Federer and
Djokivic are the only players ranked in the world's top 10 to reach the
quarter-finals after Wawrinka and Murray joined the big-name casualties when
they both crashed to lower-ranked opponents on another day of upsets in the
Californian desert.
Wawrinka
suffered his first loss this year when his 13-match winning streak came to a
shuddering halt as he was beaten 7-6(1) 4-6 6-1 by South African Kevin
Anderson.
"It
wasn't really on my mind that he had won Australia," said Anderson, whose
next opponent is Federer.
"It
feels great to beat somebody who obviously has just won a grand slam."
Murray
was blown away by Canada's Milos Raonic, one of the biggest servers in men's
tennis.Despite winning the first set, the Scotsman was unable to contain the
raw power of Raonic, who triumphed 4-6 7-5 6-3 in a little over two
hours.Raonic blasted 15 aces past his bewildered opponent, who is one of the
best returners in the game, and won a staggering 83 percent of points when he
landed his first serve.Murray did break Raonic's serve in the opening set and
again in the deciding third to lead 2-1 but lost the next four games in a row
against the 6ft 5in (1.96 metre) tall Canadian."To get broken two
consecutive times in that situation isn't good enough. I played poor tennis at
that stage. I didn't make enough balls and I missed some really easy
shots," Murray told reporters.
"It's
tough to win matches like that, because against him, he obviously wins a lot of
free points with his serve. So over the course of the set, if you give up
enough unforced errors on basic shots, then with the amount of free points he
gets on his serve, that's going to add up to a negative result."
Raonic's
next opponent in the quarter-finals will be Ukrainian giant killer Alexandr
Dolgopolov, who followed up his upset victory over Rafa Nadal on Monday with a
comprehensive 6-2 6-4 drubbing of Italy's Fabio Fognini.
"I
think the most important thing is obviously my serve and the beauty of that is
nobody can affect me," Raonic said.
Already a
four-time champion at Indian Wells, Federer is now on a nine-match winning
streak after taking the title in Dubai before heading to Indian Wells but said
he was wary about Anderson, who has reached a career-high ranking of 18 after
making the final of his last two tournaments.
"I
know how tough he is," Federer said. "He's the best here usually in
the States, outdoors on the hard courts. That's when he's had his biggest
success.
"I'm
aware that this is not going to be an easy match just because he's not ranked
in the Top 10."
4) Virat
Kohli thanks Cristiano Ronaldo for inspiration:
Indian
cricketing sensation Virat Kohli has thanked Real Madrid superstar Cristiano
Ronaldo for being the inspiration to not only him but million others in various
walks of life.
Kohli,
claiming to be the biggest fan of Cristiano in his Herbalife ad shoot, revealed
that he used to support Manchester United when the Portuguese was with the Old
Trafford club, but now his allegiance has shifted to Spanish giants Real Madrid
following the big money move of the football player in 2009.
Kohli
also adds how he admires the 29-year-old’s passion and aggression on the field
and how Cristiano has inspired him to be the best cricketer in the world.
Cristiano
responded to the Indian cricketer on Twitter, thanking him for his kind words,
while also advertising for the Herbalife brand.
5) Felipe
Massa set to pay tribute to Michael Schumacher at Australian Grand Prix:
Felipe
Massa and Michael Schumacher during the latter’s glory daysAt a time when
doctors are busy figuring out ways to get seven-time Formula One champion
Michael Schumacher back on track and the world is spending hours in prayers for
his speedy recovery, there is someone out there doing his own bit for the
German legend.
Felipe
Massa, Michael’s former team-mate, has confirmed that he will be displaying a
message of support for Schumacher at Sunday’s season opener, the Australian
Grand Prix, which is the first Formula One race since a skiing accident left
the German legend fighting for his life.
The
Brazilian driver said that he will drive with the initials “MS” emblazoned on
his helmet in Melbourne.Schumacher remains in a medically-induced coma since
the time he hit his head on a rock while skiing at the French resort of Meribel
on December 29. His family have said that the 45-year-old is showing ‘small,
encouraging signs’ of recovery, while acknowledging that he faces a long battle
ahead.Massa, who paired up with Schumacher during the German’s glory years at
Ferrari, had also paid an emotional tribute to his friend on Twitter.“Michael
is always with me!! Be very strong Brother!! Love!! #19,” he tweeted, signing
off with his car number.
Book of
this Week:
Americanah
: by Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie:
.jpg)
From the
award-winning author of Half of a Yellow Sun, a dazzling new novel: a story of
love and race centered around a young man and woman from Nigeria who face
difficult choices and challenges in the countries they come to call home.
As
teenagers in a Lagos secondary school, Ifemelu and Obinze fall in love. Their
Nigeria is under military dictatorship, and people are leaving the country if
they can. Ifemelu—beautiful, self-assured—departs for America to study. She
suffers defeats and triumphs, finds and loses relationships and friendships,
all the while feeling the weight of something she never thought of back home:
race. Obinze—the quiet, thoughtful son of a professor—had hoped to join her,
but post-9/11 America will not let him in, and he plunges into a dangerous,
undocumented life in London.
Years
later, Obinze is a wealthy man in a newly democratic Nigeria, while Ifemelu has
achieved success as a writer of an eye-opening blog about race in America. But
when Ifemelu returns to Nigeria, and she and Obinze reignite their shared
passion—for their homeland and for each other—they will face the toughest
decisions of their lives.
Fearless,
gripping, at once darkly funny and tender, spanning three continents and numerous
lives, Americanah is a richly told story set in today’s globalized world:
Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie’s most powerful and astonishing novel yet.
Chimamanda
Ngozi Adichie:
Born in
the city of Enugu, she grew up the fifth of six children in an Igbo family in
the university town of Nsukka in southeastern Nigeria, where the University of
Nigeria is situated. While she was growing up, her father James Nwoye Adichie
was a professor of statistics at the university, and her mother Grace Ifeoma
was the university's first female registrar. Her family's ancestral village is
in Abba in Anambra State.
Adichie
studied medicine and pharmacy at the University of Nigeria for a year and a half.
During this period, she edited The Compass, a magazine run by the university's
Catholic medical students. At the age of 19, Adichie left Nigeria and moved to
the United States for college. After studying communications and political
science at Drexel University in Philadelphia, she transferred to Eastern
Connecticut State University to live closer to her sister, who had a medical
practice in Coventry. She received a bachelor's degree from Eastern, where she
graduated Summa Cum Laude in 2001.
In 2003,
she completed a master's degree in creative writing at Johns Hopkins
University. In 2008, she received a Master of Arts in African studies from Yale
University.
Adichie
was a Hodder fellow at Princeton University during the 2005–2006 academic year.
In 2008 she was awarded a MacArthur Fellowship. She has also been awarded a
2011–2012 fellowship by the Radcliffe Institute for Advanced Study, Harvard
University.Adichie, who is married, divides her time between Nigeria, where she
teaches writing workshops, and the United States
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